KENTUCKY — Nyquist, ridden by Mario Gutierrez, has won the Kentucky Derby. Gutierrez also was aboard Derby winner I’ll Have Another in 2012. Louis Cardinals first baseman and outfielder Brandon Moss takes a selfie with 9-year-old TJ Klipfel of Cape Girardeau. Nobel Prize facts, information, pictures. BIBLIOGRAPHYThe Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, the founder of the Nobel Prize, was instituted by the Bank of Sweden (the world. Known also as the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, and less formally as the Nobel Prize in Economics, it is the only prize granted that was not specified in Alfred Nobel. Its addition was justified as a recognition that the use of quantitative methods had made economics a science like physics and chemistry. The Nobel Prize in Economics is awarded each year for outstanding intellectual contributions to the field of economics. The laureates are chosen by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, from nominations of about one hundred living persons made by qualified nominators each year. Prizewinners receive their award during a ceremony in Stockholm, together with the laureates in the other fields. No more than three people can share the prize for a given year. The names of the nominees can only be published after fifty years. From 1. 96. 9, when the first prize was awarded, up to 2. Nobel in economics. Economics is the only discipline in which no woman has ever been awarded a Nobel. The United States has dominated the award, with forty laureates, followed by nine laureates from the United Kingdom. The University of Chicago has employed the highest number of laureates in economics, nine up to 2. Harvard University and U. C. Berkeley, with four laureates each. Out of the thirty- eight prizes awarded up to 2. With an average age of sixty- six at the time of the award, laureates in economics are the oldest to receive the prize. The youngest person to receive the prize in economics was Kenneth Arrow, in 1. Thomas Schelling, in 2. The prize has been awarded to work ranging from theory to empirical application, from macroeconomics to microeconomics, from economic policy to economic history, and from mathematical modeling to psychology. The early awards were focused on acknowledging the past contributions of . One could already see these trends in the 1. Robert Solow, 1. 98. Get information, facts, and pictures about Nobel Prize at Encyclopedia.com. Make research projects and school reports about Nobel Prize easy with credible articles. Welcome to NHL.com, the official site of the National Hockey League. Photos and History of HMS Dauntless, launched 1918. Page includes photos of the ship and crew, as well as crew lists. Read Sultan 2016 music critic review online. Check out Sultan 2016 music reviews and ratings at Bollywood Hungama. James Tobin, 1. 98. Franco Modigliani, 1. Harry Markowitz, Merton Miller, and William Sharpe, 1. Lawrence Klein, 1. Richard Stone, 1. Trygve Haavelmo, 1. Nobel Laureates in Economics, 1. Ragnar Frisch, Jan Tinbergen. Paul A. Samuelson. Simon Kuznets. 19. John R. Arrow. 19. Wassily Leontief. Gunnar Myrdal, Friedrich August von Hayek. Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich, Tjalling C. Koopmans. 19. 75. Milton Friedman. 19. Bertil Ohlin, James E. Schultz, Sir Arthur Lewis. Lawrence R. Klein. James Tobin. 19. 81. George J. Stigler. Gerard Debreu. 19. Richard Stone. 19. Franco Modigliani. James M. Buchanan Jr. Robert M. Solow. 19. Maurice Allais. 19. Trygve Haavelmo. 19. Harry M. Nash Jr., Reinhard Selten. Robert E. Mirrlees, William Vickrey. Robert C. Scholes. Amartya Sen. 19. 98. Robert A. Michael Spence, Joseph E. Stiglitz. 20. 01. Daniel Kahneman, Vernon L. Schelling. 20. 05. Edmund S. Phelps. George Stigler, 1. Gerard Debreu, 1. James Buchanan, 1. Maurice Allais, 1. These trends have become even more apparent in recent years. Since 1. 99. 0, the prize has been awarded for contributions that address economic problems with tools and results from fields outside economics, such as mathematics and game theory (John Harsanyi, John Nash and Reinhard Selten, 1. Robert J. Aumann and Thomas Schelling, 2. Daniel Kahneman and Vernon Smith, 2. Amartya Sen, 1. 99. It has also been given for contributions that apply economic tools to other fields, such as work that uses microeconomic analysis to explain a wide range of human behavior and interaction (Gary Becker, 1. Robert Fogel and Douglass North, 1. It has been awarded for econometrics (James Heckman and Daniel Mc. Fadden, 2. 00. 0; Robert Engle and Clive Granger, 2. Ronald Coase, 1. 99. Robert Lucas, 1. 99. George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph Stiglitz, 2. It has also been given for work with direct policy implications, such as that addressing monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes (Robert Mundell, 1. Phelps 2. 00. 6), and for contributions that were first criticized as too specialized and limited in scope, but later proved more influential and applicable than most had expected, such as the pricing formula for financial derivatives (Robert Merton and Myron Scholes, 1. The Nobel Prize in Economics has been a source of controversy since its introduction. Some have even suggested that the award should be discontinued. Its very name has been questioned, as it was not part of Alfred Nobel. It has also been argued that the criteria for an award for a social science cannot be as objective as for the other fields, although similar concerns have been raised for the prizes for peace and literature. Indeed, this may explain why it takes much longer to receive the Nobel in Economics after a contribution is made than in any other field. Finally, some of the recent selections have been criticized for honoring contributions that are too narrowly focused. The prize has affected both the field of economics itself and the field. It has been argued that the prospect of receiving a Nobel Prize motivates economists to pursue original research ideas. Although there has been no empirical study documenting such an effect, it is consistent with one of the most basic laws in economics that people respond to incentives. The impact that an economist can have on the literature, on economic policy, and on public opinion is substantially enhanced if they can add the title Nobel Laureate after their name. Elite universities lose no opportunity to advertise the laureates on their faculty to attract new faculty members and graduate students. Even Hollywood has been inspired by the prestige of the prize, as reflected in the Oscar- winning movie A Beautiful Mind, about the life of John Nash. SEE ALSOEconomics. Baffes, John, and Athanasios Vamvakidis. Are You Old Enough for a Nobel Prize? Washington, DC: World Bank and International Monetary Fund. The Nobel Prize: A History of Genius, Controversy, and Prestige. New York: Arcade. Jones, Benjamin F. Age and Great Invention. NBER Working Paper 1. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Nasar, Sylvia. A Beautiful Mind: A Biography of John Forbes Nash, Jr., Winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, 1. Reissued as A Beautiful Mind: The Life of Mathematical Genius and Nobel Laureate John Nash. New York: Touchstone, 2. Nobel Prize Internet Archive. One Hundred Years of Nobel Prizes. Los Angeles: Americas Group. Weinberg, Bruce A., and David W. Creative Careers: The Life Cycles of Nobel Laureates in Economics. NBER Working Paper 1. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Athanasios Vamvakidis.
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